GBS and physiotherapy

A rare neurological disorder is spreading in India, with Maharashtra at its epicentre. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) has caused 14 deaths so far, including 11 in Maharashtra, which has reported over 200 cases. Andhra Pradesh has recorded 17 cases and one death. But what exactly is GBS, how does it impact the body, and what role does physiotherapy play in recovery?

Guillain-barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare disorder. It affects the nervous system. The body's immune system attacks its own nerves. This leads to weakness, numbness, and even paralysis. Early diagnosis and treatment help in recovery. Physiotherapy plays a significant role in rehabilitation.

What is GBS?

GBS is an autoimmune disorder caused by the immune system attacking the peripheral nerves. It can occur after an infection like dengue, viral fever, or food poisoning. In India, many viral infections are linked to GBS. The exact cause is unknown, but it is not contagious.

Symptoms of GBS

GBS symptoms start with weakness. It begins in the legs and spreads to the upper body. Some common symptoms include:

• tingling or numbness in hands and feet
• muscle weakness
• loss of reflexes
• difficulty in walking
• breathing issues in severe cases
• pain in muscles
• difficulty in speaking or swallowing
• fatigue and tiredness
• difficulty in controlling bladder function

Causes of GBS in India

In India, GBS cases are often seen after viral infections. Some triggers include:

• dengue fever
• chikungunya
• food poisoning (campylobacter bacteria)
• respiratory infections
• post-vaccination reactions (though rare)
• COVID-19 and other viral infections
• bacterial infections
  
   

Diagnosis of GBS

Doctors diagnose GBS with:

• clinical examination
• nerve conduction tests
• lumbar puncture (spinal fluid test)
• electromyography (EMG)
• MRI scans to rule out other conditions

Early diagnosis is essential. Treatment should start immediately to prevent severe damage.

 

Treatment for GBS

There is no cure for GBS, but therapy helps in recovery. Common treatments include:

• Plasmapheresis: removes harmful antibodies from the blood
• Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) gives the body healthy antibodies to fight the disease
• Supportive care includes ventilator support if breathing is affected
• Pain management: medications to control nerve pain
• Physiotherapy: helps in regaining movement and strength. Discover why personalised treatment is key to better recovery.

Importance of physiotherapy in GBS recovery

Physiotherapy is essential for GBS patients. It helps in regaining lost strength and movement. The treatment is divided into different stages.

Acute stage physiotherapy

During the early stages, the patient is weak. Physiotherapy focuses on:

• preventing bed sores
• maintaining joint movement
• breathing exercises to improve lung function
• gentle limb movements
• passive range of motion exercises
• positioning techniques to prevent contractures

Recovery stage physiotherapy

As the patient gains some strength, therapy includes:

• muscle strengthening exercises
• improving balance and coordination
• walking training with support
• electrical stimulation for weak muscles
• resistance training
• aerobic exercises to build endurance

Long-term physiotherapy

Even after recovery, some patients feel weakness. Physiotherapy helps in:

• preventing relapse
• improving endurance
• full mobility restoration
• fine motor skill training
• return to daily activities

Role of Indian Physiotherapists

In India, physiotherapists play a crucial role in treating GBS. Hospitals have special neuro-rehabilitation centres. Home-based therapy is also common in cities. Treatment access is limited in rural areas, but efforts are being made to improve services. Online physiotherapy consultations are also increasing.

Challenges in India

• lack of awareness about GBS
• delay in diagnosis due to limited healthcare access
• expensive treatment options
• shortage of trained neuro physiotherapists in small towns
• limited insurance coverage for long-term physiotherapy
• difficulty in accessing rehabilitation centres in remote areas

Recovery time for GBS patients

Recovery time varies. Some patients recover in months, while others take years. Physiotherapy speeds up recovery. With regular therapy, most patients regain mobility. Psychological support is also essential for patients and caregivers. Family members should encourage and support patients throughout their journey.

Diet and lifestyle for GBS recovery

A nutritious diet helps in faster recovery. Foods rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals are essential. Some dietary tips include:

• eating protein-rich foods like eggs, fish, and dairy
• consuming fruits and vegetables for vitamins and antioxidants
• staying hydrated
• avoiding processed and junk food
• taking supplements if recommended by a doctor

Mental health and GBS recovery

Dealing with GBS can be stressful. Many patients feel depressed and anxious. Mental health support is crucial. Methods to manage stress include:

• meditation and breathing exercises
• counselling and therapy
• support groups for GBS patients
• engaging in light activities like reading or listening to music
• seeking emotional support from family and friends

Importance of family support

Support from family members is crucial for a GBS patient's recovery. They should:

• encourage regular therapy sessions
• help with daily activities until the patient regains strength
• ensure proper nutrition and hydration
• provide emotional support to keep the patient motivated
• educate themselves about the condition to assist better

Conclusion

GBS is a serious condition. Early diagnosis and treatment are key, and physiotherapy is vital for recovery. In India, more awareness and better facilities can improve outcomes. If you or a loved one has GBS, seek medical help early and follow a structured physiotherapy plan for better recovery. Regular follow-ups, a balanced diet, and emotional support can also aid long-term well-being.

For those looking for home physiotherapy services, TruePal offers expert sessions for GBS patients. Trained professionals help recover from home comfort, ensuring convenience, safety, and personalised care.

FAQs

1. Is physiotherapy beneficial for GBS? 

Physiotherapy is crucial in rehabilitating individuals with GBS. It focuses on specific motor impairments and facilitates recovery. The goal is to enhance muscle strength, mobility, and functional independence through progressive exercises that target particular motor issues.

2. What exercises are beneficial for Guillain-Barre syndrome? 

Here are five equipment-free exercises you can do at home to manage GBS:

1. Towel resistance training for leg muscles. 

2. Seated marching using books as weights. 

3. Wall push-ups to strengthen the upper body. 

4. Arm exercises using water bottles. 

5. Stair step-ups for overall body workout.

3. What foods should be avoided with Guillain-Barré syndrome? 

Maintaining a nutritious diet can support recovery from GBS. Avoid processed and sugary foods and focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.

4. Can nerves heal after GBS? 

The recovery process can be gradual, taking anywhere from a few weeks to several years. Some individuals may not recover completely and experience long-lasting weakness, numbness, fatigue, or pain. Those recovering from GBS may encounter physical challenges and periods of emotional distress.

5. Which muscles are impacted by GBS? 

Guillain-Barre syndrome commonly begins with tingling and weakness that typically starts in the feet and legs and moves upward to the torso and arms. Some individuals may first experience symptoms in their arms or facial area. As the syndrome advances, muscle weakness may escalate to paralysis.